Sample Academic Reading Multiple Choice | Sample Academic Reading Multiple Choice (one answer)
Multiple Choice
The general assumption is that older workers are paid more in spite of, rather than because of, their productivity. That might partly explain why, when employers are under pressure to cut costs, they persuade a 55year old to take early retirement. Take away seniority pay scales, and older workers may become a based much more attractive employment proposition. But most employers and many workers are uncomfortable with the idea of reducing someone’s pay in later life although manual workers on piece get older. So retaining the services orates often earn less as they f older workers may mean employing them in different ways.
One innovation was devised by IBM Belgium. Faced with the need to cut staff costs, and having decided to concentrate cuts on 55 to 60called Skill Team, which reyear olds, IBM set up a separate company employed any of the early retired who wanted to go on working up to the age of 60. An employee who joined Skill Team at the age of 55 on a fiveyear contract would work for 58% of his time, over the full period, for 88% of his last IBM salary. The c ompany offered services to IBM, thus allowing it to retain access to some of the intellectual capital it would otherwise have lost.
The best way to tempt the old to go on working may be to build on such ‘bridge’ jobs: part time or temporary employment that creates a more gradual transition from full– time work to retirement. Studies have found that, in the United States, nearly half of all men and women who had been in full time jobs in middle age moved into such ‘bridge’ jobs at the end of their working lives. In general, it is the best paid and word seem to be two very different types of bridge job paid who carry on working. There holder could afford to retire. Those who continue working because they have to and those who continue working because they want to, even though who continue working because they want to, even though they could afford to retire.
If the job market grows more flexible, the old may find more jobs that suit them. Often, they will be self employed. Sometimes, they may start their own businesses: a study by David Storey of Warwick University found that in Brita in 70% of businesses started by people over 55 survived, compared with an overall national average of only 19%. But whatever pattern of employment they choose, in the coming years the skills of these ‘grey workers’ will have to be increasingly acknowledged and rewarded.
